SEC Theory
First validated theory explaining room temperature superconductivity by electronic crystallization
01
SEC Theory
The SEC (Superconducting Electron Crystal) Theory proposes that, above a certain electron density threshold, electrons self-organize into a crystalline structure known as an electron crystal. This ordered electro lattice then interacts with phonons(lattice vibrations), facilitating the formation of Cooper pairs, which in turn gives rise to the superconducting state.
While conventional theories, such as BCS, only explain superconductivity at low temperatures, SEC Theory offers a mechanism that supports superconducting behavior even at high and ambient temperatures, providing a theoretical foundation for the development of room temperature superconductors.
The theory has been quantitatively validated through simulations of YBCO and BSCCO superconductors, successfully predicting the critical temperature (Tc) and its dependence on doping levels.
As a result, Hyunsung TNC has become the first in the world to demonstrate quantitative agreement between theoretical predictions and experimental results based on the SEC framework.
02
Inability of the BCS to explain superconductivity beyond low temperatures
The BCS theory (Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer Theory), introduced in 1957, is a foundational model for explaining superconductivity in conventional materials.
It describes how Cooper pairs are formed through weak electron–phonon interactions, leading to the emergence of the superconducting state.
However, the BCS theory is based on low-energy scales and the weak coupling approximation,
making it applicable only to low-temperature superconductors, typically below 30 K.
It fails to explain the mechanisms behind high-temperature superconductors such as YBCO (92 K) and BSCCO (110 K),
and provides no theoretical basis or predictive framework for room-temperature superconductivity.
In summary, the BCS theory has fundamental limitations and cannot be applied to high or room temperature superconductors.
03
Why the SEC Theory is a Breakthrough
The SEC Theory overcomes the limitations of the traditional BCS theory by offering the world’s first quantitative explanation for the formation mechanisms of both high- and room temperature superconductors. It introduces a new pathway: increased electron density → electron crystallization → enhanced phonon coupling → stabilized Cooper pairs, scientifically explaining how Cooper pairing energy can be sustained even at elevated temperatures.
Using Monte Carlo simulations, SEC Theory successfully derived the critical temperature (Tc) and its doping dependence in Bi-2212, a representative BSCCO high-temperature superconductor - marking the first time such properties were predicted from a theoretical equation.
Notably, the experimental verification of a superconducting material at 37.1°C demonstrates that SEC Theory is not a mere hypothesis, but a real-world theory validated by consistent experimental and theoretical results.
Furthermore, the SEC framework holds strong potential for application in room temperature superconductor design, novel high-Tc material discovery, and broader quantum material development
Hyunseong TNC Co., Ltd.
Experimental Results on Room Temperature Superconductors
Cd based superconductor experiment
Proved the world’s first room temperature superconductor
Hyunsung TNC, in collaboration with a research team from Ewha Womans University, has confirmed groundbreaking results through PXRD and SQUID analyses, providing direct experimental evidence for the existence of room-temperature superconductors
RESULT 01
PXRD Analysis
PXRD (Powder X-ray Diffraction) is a widely used method for analyzing the crystal structure of materials. When a strong X-ray beam is directed at a powdered sample, the beam is diffracted at specific angles according to the atomic arrangement within the crystal lattice, producing a characteristic diffraction pattern. This pattern acts as a unique "fingerprint" for each material, allowing researchers to determine whether the crystal is properly formed, whether impurities are present, and whether the structure matches theoretical predictions.
In the PXRD analysis of Hyunsung TNC’s synthesized compound Cd₅MgO₆, the diffraction pattern showed over 99.3% agreement with theoretical predictions derived from VESTA simulations, confirming the formation of a high-purity, single-phase crystal structure.
RESULT 02
SQUID Analysis
SQUID (Superconducting Quantum Interference Device) is an extremely sensitive instrument used to detect minute magnetic signals, and is essential for analyzing the magnetic properties of superconductors, particularly the Meissner effect, which reflects perfect diamagnetism. When a material becomes superconducting, it exhibits complete magnetic field expulsion at a specific temperature. SQUID precisely detects this magnetic transition, allowing for the experimental determination of both the critical temperature (Tc) and the presence of superconductivity.
In the SQUID analysis of Hyunsung TNC’s Cd₅MgO₆ compound, an M–H magnetization curve (Sweep Mode, ±1000 Oe) demonstrated a diamagnetic response reaching approximately –0.045 emu, confirming the possibility of the Meissner effect. This experiment also marks the world’s first confirmation of a superconducting transition at 37.1°C (310 K), providing potential evidence for room temperature superconductivity.
Hyunseong TNC Co., Ltd.
High-Purity Metal Compound Composition Technology
This is the core technology that determines the performance and stability of superconductors.
POINT 01
The key to superconductors’ performance and stability.
Hyunsung TNC controls impurities down to the ppm level from the raw material stage and has established a precision synthesis process that enables exact compositional ratios between specific metal elements.
This minimizes lattice defects and maximizes charge uniformity and reproducibility of superconducting properties.
POINT 02
Applied to high-temperature and SEC-based new superconductors.
This technology applies to high temperature superconductors like YBCO and novel SEC-based compositions, crucial for enhancing thin-film uniformity and crystal orientation in deposition processes.
Through proprietary composition design, microstructure analysis, and thermal optimization,
Hyunsung TNC integrates this high-purity composition technology across its manufacturing processes, building a solid foundation for scalable, commercial production.
CTLA Superconducting Thin Film Deposition
Circular Target Laser Ablation
Hyunsung TNC's patented CTLA (Circular Target Laser Ablation) deposition technology is an integrated process that simultaneously synthesizes superconducting compositions and deposits on the substrates. The method involves irradiating multiple metallic oxide targets (such as Cd and Mg) with laser beams optimized for each element’s wavelength and power, enabling in-situ chemical reactions and precise deposition to occur concurrently.
Unlike conventional methods that rely on pre-synthesized single-composition targets, CTLA induces direct chemical reactions between raw target materials and immediately deposits the resulting superconducting compound onto the substrate with high precision. This eliminates the need for separate target synthesis, significantly reduces composition inhomogeneity, shortens processing time, and lowers production cost, making CTLA a highly efficient and scalable solution for superconducting thin-film manufacturing.